Published
2021-06-22
Keywords
- harassment,
- violence,
- emotional violence,
- emotional harassment
Abstract
The study was conducted in 2013 on a sample of 359 students of the University of Warsaw. 144 persons (40.1%) of respondents admitted that they at least once in their life were victims of stalking. At the time of the survey 7.5% of the respondents were experiencing stalking. The study led to the results quite similar to previous studies of this social group, conducted in the United States and Europe. They confirmed the findings that the early adulthood is associated with new challenges in conjunction with an intense social life and attempts of looking for a partner. All there carry the risk of stalking victimization. In contrast with other studies, Polish students are usually stalked by their friends and colleagues, much less by the former and current partners.
References
- Bates L., Safety for Stalking Victims. How to Save your Privacy, your Sanity, and your Life, San Jose 2001.
- Bjerregaard B., An empirical study of stalking victimization, "Violence and Victims” 2000, nr 15(4).
- Björklund K. i in., Coping with stalking among university students, "Violence and Victims” 2010, nr 25(3).
- Budyn-Kulig M., Mozgawa M., Prawnokarne i kryminologiczne aspekty zjawiska nękania, Instytut Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości, Warszawa 2012.
- Cross D., Shaw T., Hearn L., Epstein M., Australian Covert Bullying Prevalence Study, Child Health Promotion Research Centre, 2009.
- Fisher B.S., Cullen F.T., Turner M.G., Being pursued: Stalking victimization in national study of collage women, "Criminology & Criminal Policy” 2002, nr 1(2), s. 257–308.
- Hall D.M., Victims of stalking [w:] J. Reid Meloy (red.), The Psychology of Stalking, Academic Press, 1998.
- Maran D.A., Zedda M., Varetto A., Munari J., Stalking victimization among Italian university students, "Gender and Behavior” 2014, nr 12(1), s. 6070–6079.
- Morgan R.K., Students stalking faculty: Real and imagined relationships, "Sexuality and Culture” 2010, nr 14, s. 5–16.
- Nansel T.R., Overpeck M., Pilla R.S., Ruan W.J., Simons-Morton B., Scheidt P., Bullying behaviors among US youth prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment, "The Journal of the American Medical Association” 2001, nr 285(16), s. 2094–2100.
- Protecting Women from the New Crime of Stalking: a Comparison of Legislative Approaches within the European Union. Przemoc w szkole. Raport z badań, Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej, Warszawa 2006.
- Siemaszko A., Gruszczyńska B., Marczewski M., Ostaszewski P., Woźniakowska-Fajst D., Stalking w Polsce – rozmiary, formy, skutki. Raport z badania nt. uporczywego nękania, „Archiwum Kryminologii” 2011, nr 32, s. 45–80.
- Siemaszko A., International crime victim survey ‘04/05: Polska na tle wybranych krajów Unii Europejskiej, „Archiwum Kryminologii” 2007–2008, nr 29–30, s. 169–192.
- Skarżyńska-Sernaglia J., Stalking: od miłości do zbrodni – nowe wyzwania dla psychologii, kryminologii i zespołów interdyscyplinarnych przeciwdziałających przemocy [w:] E. Szafrańska, A. Szołtek (red.), Psychologia na rzecz bezpieczeństwa publicznego, Wydział Wydawnictw i Poligrafii Wyższej Szkoły Policji, Szczytno 2009.
- Stalking in Sweden. Prevalence and Prevention, The Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention, Edita Norstedts, 2006.
- Szymanowska A., Polacy wobec przestępstw i karania, Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego Warszawa 2008.
- Tjaden P., Thoennes N., Stalking in America: Findings From the National Violence Against Women Survey, National Institute of Justice Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1998.
- Vélez M., Workplace Harassment: A Global Organizational Issue, http://quest.uprrp.edu/Quest_files/ProceedingsQ8/Concurrent_session_10/WorkplaceHarassment.pdf [dostęp: 2016].
- Westrupp D., Applying functional analysis to stalking behavior [w:] J. Reid Meloy (red.), The Psychology of Stalking: Clinical and Forensic Perspectives, Academic Press, San Diego 1998.
- Woźniakowska-Fajst D., Przemoc emocjonalna: stalking, molestowanie, mobbing, bullying – podobieństwa i różnice, „Prace Instytutu Profilaktyki Społecznej i Resocjalizacji” 2010, nr 16, s. 31–50.
- Wrona G., Definicja przemocy emocjonalnej w aspekcie prawnym i psychologicznym [w:] Przemoc emocjonalna, Materiały z konferencji z okazji Międzynarodowego Dnia Ofiar Przestępstw, Bytów, 22 lutego 2008 r., Ministerstwo Sprawiedliwości, Warszawa 2008, s. 26–27.
- Yanowitz K.L., Influence of gender and experience on college students’ stalking schemas, "Violence and Victims” 2006, nr 21(1), s. 91–100.
