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Nr 4 (196) (2013)
Artykuły

Środki solidarnościowe w świetle artykułów Komisji Prawa Międzynarodowego o odpowiedzialności państwa za akty sprzeczne z prawem międzynarodowym

[Solidarity measures in the international law commission's articles on the responsibility of stats for internationally wrongful acts]

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  • Edyta Lis
Edyta Lis
Uniwersytet Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie

Opublikowane 2013-12-31

Słowa kluczowe

  • Komisja Prawa Międzynarodowego,
  • prawo międzynarodowe,
  • akty sprzeczne z prawem międzynarodowym,
  • International Law Commission,
  • internatonal law,
  • internationally wrongful acts
    • ...Więcej
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Prawa autorskie (c) 2013 INP PAN

Creative Commons License

Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe.

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Środki solidarnościowe w świetle artykułów Komisji Prawa Międzynarodowego o odpowiedzialności państwa za akty sprzeczne z prawem międzynarodowym: [Solidarity measures in the international law commission’s articles on the responsibility of stats for internationally wrongful acts]. (2013). Studia Prawnicze The Legal Studies, 4 (196), 5-54. https://doi.org/10.37232/sp.2013.4.1

Abstrakt

W 2001 roku Komisja Prawa Międzynarodowego, po trwających prawie pół wieku pracach, przyjęła projekt dotyczący odpowiedzialności państwa za akty sprzeczne z prawem międzynarodowym. Zarówno koncepcja środków solidarnościowych oraz problematyka podmiotów uprawnionych do stosowania takich środków stanowiły jedną z najbardziej dyskusyjnych kwestii. Ostateczna wersja Artykułów nie pozwala, w sposób nie budzący żadnych wątpliwości, na określenie tych podmiotów. Artykuł 54 ogranicza prawo państwa, uprawnionego na podstawie art. 48, do stosowania środków zgodnych z prawem, a nie środków solidarnościowych. W komentarzu KPM stwierdziła, iż praktyka państw dotycząca stosowania środków solidarnościowych jest ograniczona i nieukształtowana.

W artykule dokonano analizy prac KPM odnośnie do koncepcji środków solidarnościowych stosowanych w odpowiedzi na naruszenie interesu społeczności międzynarodowej jako całości. Środki te w zdecentralizowanym systemie prawa międzynarodowego pozbawionym, jak to określił W. Riphagen, „policjanta społeczności międzynarodowej”, mogą stanowić swoistego rodzaju gwarancję egzekwowania prawa międzynarodowego w przypadku poważnych naruszeń tego prawa.

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie procesu kształtowania się uregulowań dotyczących środków solidarnościowych stosowanych w odpowiedzi na naruszenia fundamentalnego interesu społeczności międzynarodowej.

 

In 2001 the International Law Commission (ILC) successfully completed its work on the topic of state responsibility for internationally wrongful acts. This study presents an analysis which focuses on the ILC work on the issue of collective countermeasures taken in response of breach of an obligation owed to the international community as a whole. That conception was one of the most sensitive area in its work on state responsibility. Furthermore, ILC raises fundamental question about subject entitled to take such measures. Unfortunately the adoption of this Articles has been far from the answer to that question. Article 54 limits the right of the state entitled under article 48 to use lawful measures rather than countermeasures. ILC in its commentary stated that state practice on this subject is limited and embryonic. However, ILC mentioned a few examples in which the state, other than the injured, responds to the breach of the obligations for the protection of the general interest. The purpose of this analysis is to show the process of emergence of regulations concerning the question of solidarity measures taken in reaction to serious violation of fundamental international community interest. The concept of collective countermeasures, in a decentralized international legal system which lacks, as W. Riphagen said, “policeman of the international community”, fills a legal gap and is a guarantee of enforcement of international law in case of violation of fundamental international community interest.

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