Opublikowane
2026-06-30
Słowa kluczowe
- różnorodność biologiczna,
- Wspólna Polityka Rolna,
- działalność rolnicza,
- programy rolno-środowiskowo-klimatyczne,
- ekoschematy,
- obszary wiejskie,
- biodiversity,
- Common Agricultural Policy,
- agricultural activity,
- agri-environment-climate programmes,
- eco-schemes,
- rural areas
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Abstrakt
Agricultural activities are essential for providing food, but they can also have a positive or negative impact on biodiversity protection. This article assesses the extent to which legislation and policy address biodiversity issues, particularly in relation to agriculture, and explores how they can contribute to halting and reversing biodiversity loss. Due to the broad scope of the topic, the article focusses on specific aspects of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy for 2023–2027, as well as national legislation in Poland and Austria. Canadian legislation is also analysed. The article begins by referring to the Convention on Biological Diversity (signed in Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1992), the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (agreed in December 2022) and FAO Council Resolution 1/1681, concerning the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity for food and agriculture. The author concludes that the issue of biodiversity in agriculture is becoming increasingly important at the global, EU, and national levels due to the worldwide decline or disappearance of many plant and animal species. More legal regulations are being adopted to encourage agricultural producers to protect biodiversity, for instance, by participating in agri-environment-climate programmes, eco-schemes, soil protection initiatives, precision farming techniques and tree planting on agricultural land. However, further legislative action is needed in CAP 2028–2034.
[Działalność rolnicza ma zasadnicze znaczenie dla zapewnienia żywno-
ści, ale może mieć pozytywny lub negatywny wpływ na ochronę różnorodności biologicznej. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ocena, w jakim stopniu przepisy prawne i polityka odnoszą się do kwestii różnorodności biologicznej, zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do rolnictwa oraz w jaki sposób mogą one przyczynić się do powstrzymania i odwrócenia procesu utraty różnorodności biologicznej. Ze względu na szeroki zakres zagadnień w artykule skupiono się na wybranych aspektach wspólnej polityki rolnej UE na lata 2023–2027, krajowych przepisach prawnych w Polsce i Austrii. Nastąpi także nawiązanie do Kanady. Na początku wskazano na postanowienia Konwencji o różnorodności biologicznej, sporządzonej w Rio de Janeiro 5 czerwca 1992 r., Globalnych ram różnorodności biologicznej z Kunming-Montreal z grudnia 2022 r. oraz rezolucji Rady FAO nr 1/168 w sprawie ochrony i zrównoważonego wykorzystania różnorodności biologicznej na rzecz wyżywienia i rolnictwa. Podsumowując, autorka stwierdziła, że kwestia różnorodności biologicznej w rolnictwie staje się coraz ważniejsza na poziomie globalnym, unijnym i krajowym ze względu na spadek liczebności lub zanikanie wielu gatunków roślin i zwierząt na całym świecie. Uchwalanych jest więcej regulacji prawnych zachęcających producentów rolnych do podejmowania działań na rzecz ochrony różnorodności biologicznej, na przykład poprzez udział w programach rolno-środowiskowo-klimatycznych, ekoschematach dotyczących ochrony gleb, wykorzystywanie technik rolnictwa precyzyjnego i sadzenie drzew na gruntach rolnych. Potrzebne są jednak dalsze działania legislacyjne w ramach WPR 2028–2034.]
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