Opublikowane
2026-06-30
Słowa kluczowe
- bioróżnorodność,
- zarządzanie wielopoziomowe,
- strategie,
- gminy i miasta,
- Słowacja,
- biodiversity,
- multi-level governance,
- strategies,
- municipalities and cities,
- Slovakia
...Więcej
Less
Abstrakt
The study examines multi-level biodiversity governance with an emphasis on reflecting biodiversity protection priorities at the local level. The literature review emphasises the importance of multi-level governance of biodiversity, considering both the strategic implications of biodiversity loss and the need to protect biodiversity. The research focusses on priority areas of biodiversity protection, which are identified by the eight regional cities in Slovakia through their strategic development documents. At the same time, in this context, the study also examines the interrelationships between local strategies of selected cities and biodiversity protection priorities at the national and European levels, as well as selected documents. The primary benefit of this research is the mapping of priority areas for biodiversity protection at the local level in the Slovak regional cities. The research also confirms the need for continuity of priority areas across scales. The study highlights the interconnectedness of priority areas in the strategies of Slovak cities at both the national and European levels.
[Celem artykułu jest analiza wielopoziomowego zarządzania bioróżnorodnością, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem priorytetów ochrony bio-
różnorodności na poziomie lokalnym. Przegląd literatury ujawnił znaczenie wielopoziomowego zarządzania bioróżnorodnością, uwzględniającego zarówno strategiczne konsekwencje utraty bioróżnorodności, jak i konieczność jej ochrony. W artykule skoncentrowano się na priorytetowych obszarach ochrony bioróżnorodności, które zostały zidentyfikowane przez osiem miast regionalnych na Słowacji w ich dokumentach strategicznego rozwoju. Jednocześnie analiza obej-
muje relacje pomiędzy lokalnymi strategiami wybranych miast a priorytetami ochrony bioróżnorodności na poziomie krajowym i europejskim, a także wybrany
mi dokumentami strategicznymi. Główną wartością badania jest mapowanie priorytetowych obszarów ochrony bioróżnorodności na poziomie lokalnym w słowackich miastach regionalnych. Wyniki potwierdziły również konieczność zachowania ciągłości priorytetów pomiędzy różnymi poziomami zarządzania. Badanie uwydatniło powiązania priorytetowych obszarów w strategiach słowackich miast regionalnych z priorytetami na poziomie krajowym i europejskim.]
Bibliografia
- Alberti M., Wang T., Detecting Patterns of Vertebrate Biodiversity Across the Multidimensional Urban Landscape, “Ecology Letters” 2022, vol. 25, p. 1027–1045, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13969.
- Alda-Fernández M., De la Peña Varona A., Multilevel Governance of the Commons and Environmental Sustainability, “Gestión Y Análisis De Políticas Públicas” 2024, vol. 34, p. 7–14, https://doi.org/10.24965/gapp.11353.
- Ali R., Naz A., Azhar M., Eco-citizens of Academia: Unraveling Students’ Behavior Toward Biodiversity Management in Higher Education Institutions, “International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education” 2025, vol. 26, no. 4, p. 735–754, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-11-2023-0541.
- Baquero R.A., Ayllón D., Oficialdegui F.J., Nicola G.G., Tackling Biological Invasions in Natura 2000 Network in the Light of the New EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, “Management of Biological Invasions” 2021, vol. 12, no. 4, p. 776–791, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2021.12.4.01.
- Baran M., Towards EU Nature Restoration Law: A Boost for Biodiversity and Climate?, in: A. Sikora, I. Kawka (eds), The European Green Deal and the Impact of Climate Change on the EU Regulatory Framework: Searching for coherence, Presses universitaires Saint-Louis Bruxelles, Bruxelles 2024, p. 113–140, https://doi.org/10.4000/12kfd.
- Bartoli F., Savo V., Caneva G., Biodiversity of Urban Street Trees in Italian Cities: A Comparative Analysis, “Plant Biosystems – An International Journal Dealing with All Aspects of Plant Biology” 2021, vol. 156, no. 3, p. 649–662, https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2021.1906347.
- Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, https://environment.ec.europa.eu/strategy/biodiversity-strategy-2030_en#implementation [access: 10.06.2025].
- Biodiversity, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/biodiversity [access: 10.06.2025].
- Bryk-Zwolska M., The EU ETS and the European Green Deal – the Struggle for Compromise, in: A. Sikora, I. Kawka (eds), The European Green Deal and the Impact of Climate Change on the EU Regulatory Framework: Searching for Coherence, Presses universitaires Saint-Louis Bruxelles, Bruxelles 2024, p. 165–185, https://doi.org/10.4000/12kfd.
- Burns F., Eaton M.A., Burfield I.J., Klvaňová A., Šilarová E., Staneva A., Gregory R.D. , Abundance Decline in the Avifauna of the European Union Reveals Cross-Continental Similarities in Biodiversity Change, “Ecology and Evolution” 2021, vol. 11, no. 23, p. 16647–16660, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8282.
- Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030: Bringing nature back into our lives, COM/2020/380 final.
- Cortina-Segarra J., García-Sánchez I., Grace M., Andrés P., Baker S., Bullock C., Decleer K., Dicks L.V., Fisher J.L., Frouz J., Klimkowska A., Kyriazopoulos A.P., Moreno-Mateos D., Rodríguez-González P.M., Sarkki S., Ventocilla J.L., Barriers to Ecological Restoration in Europe: Expert Perspectives, “Restoration Ecology” 2021, vol. 29, p. 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13346.
- Dasgupta P., Levin S., Economic Factors Underlying Biodiversity Loss, “Philosophical Transactions B” 2023, vol. 378, p. 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2022.0197.
- Dawson N.M., Coolsaet B., Bhardwaj A., Booker F., Brown D., Lliso B., Loos J., Martin A., Oliva M., Pascual U., Sherpa P., Worsdell T., Is It Just Conservation? A Typology of Indigenous Peoples’ and Local Communities’ Roles in Conserving Biodiversity, “One Earth” 2024, vol. 7, no. 6, p. 1007–1021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2024.05.001.
- Delahay R.J., Sherman D., Soyalan B., Gaston K.J., Biodiversity in Residential Gardens: A Review of the Evidence Base, “Biodiversity and Conservation” 2023, vol. 32, p. 4155–4179, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-023-02694-9.
- Díaz S., Settele J., Brondízio E.S., Ngo H.T., Agard J., Arneth A., Balvanera P., Brauman K.A., Butchart S.H.M., Chan K.M.A., Garibaldi L.A., Ichii K., Liu J., Subramanian S.M., Midgley G.F., Miloslavich P., Molnár Z., Obura D., Pfaff A., Polasky S., Purvis A., Razzaque J., Reyers B., Chowdhury R.R., Shin Y.-J., Visseren-Hamakers I., Willis K.J., Zayas C.N., Pervasive Human-driven Decline of Life on Earth Points to the Need for Transformative Change, “Science” 2019, vol. 366, p. 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax3100.
- Dobson A., Rowe Z., Berger J., Wholey P., Caro T., Biodiversity Loss Due to More Than Climate Change, “Science” 2021, vol. 374, p. 699–700, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm6216.
- Durà V.B., Meseguer E., Hernández Crespo C., Monerris M.M., Doménech I.A., Santamalia M.E.R., Contribution of Green Roofs to Urban Arthropod Biodiversity in a Mediterranean Climate: A Case Study in Valencia, Spain, “Building and Environment” 2023, vol. 228, p. 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109865.
- Feng Y., Cao Y., Chan M.Y., Ye Z., Zhao Z., Yu L., Liang Y., Carve S., Yang R., Assessing Ecosystem Integrity in Protected Areas: A Systematic Review of Methods and Applications, “Biological Conservation” 2025, vol. 305, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111057.
- Ferraro G., Failler P., Biodiversity, Multi-level Governance, and Policy Implementation in Europe: A Comparative Analysis at the Subnational Level, “Journal of Public Policy” 2024, vol. 44, no. 3, p. 546–572, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X24000072.
- Groen L., Explaining European Union Effectiveness (Goal Achievement) in the Convention on Biological Diversity: The Importance of Diplomatic Engagement, “International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics” 2019, vol. 19, p. 69–87, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-018-9424-y.
- Hansen R., Buizer M., Buijs A., Pauleit S., Mattijssen T., Fors H., Jagt A. van der, Kabisch N., Cook M., Delshammar T., Randrup T.B., Erlwein S., Vierikko K., Nieminen H., Langemeyer J., Texereau C.S., Luz A.C., Nastran M., Olafsson A.S., Møller M.S., Haase D., Rolf W., Ambrose-Oji B., Branquinho C., Havik G., Kronenberg J., Konijnendijk C. , Transformative or Piecemeal? Changes in Green Space Planning and Governance in Eleven European Cities, “European Planning Studies” 2022, vol. 31, no. 12, p. 2401–2424, https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2022.2139594.
- Hanson H.I., Alkan Olsson J., Uptake and Use of Biodiversity Offsetting in Urban Planning – The Case of Sweden, “Urban Forestry & Urban Greening” 2023, vol. 80, p. 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2023.127841.
- Hausmann A., Väisänen T., Toivonen T., Cortés-Capano G., Climate and Biodiversity Perceptions Amid the European Energy Crisis: Shifting Social Media Narratives, “Sustainability Science” 2025, vol. 20, p. 919–936, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-025-01639-1.
- Hermoso V., Carvalho S.B., Giakoumi S., Goldsborough D., Katsanevakis S., Leontiou S., Markantonatou V., Rumes B., Vogiatzakis I.N., Yates K.L., The EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030: Opportunities and Challenges on the Path Towards Biodiversity Recovery, “Environmental Science & Policy” 2022, vol. 127, p. 263–271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2021.10.028.
- Hernandez-Santin C., Amati M., Bekessy S., Desha Ch., Integrating Biodiversity as a Non-human Stakeholder Within Urban Development, “Landscape and Urban Planning” 2023, vol. 232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104678.
- Hirschmann M., Fisch Ch., Farny S., Biodiversity Loss and Entrepreneurship: Empirical Evidence on Threat Perceptions Among Primary-sector Entrepreneurs in 28 European Countries, “Journal of Business Venturing Insights” 2025, vol. 23, p. 1–27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2025.e00529.
- Hyseni C., Heino J., Bini L.M., Bjelke U., Johansson F., The Importance of Blue and Green Landscape Connectivity for Biodiversity in Urban Ponds, “Basic and Applied Ecology” 2021, vol. 57, p. 129–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2021.10.004
- Kachanova J.P., Steppe S.B., Hobbs S.E., Urban Orchards Provide Important Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, “Urban Ecosystems” 2025, vol. 28, p. 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-025-01739-x.
- Kawka I., E-government and Environmental Protection Towards Greater Sustainability, in: A. Sikora, I. Kawka (eds), The European Green Deal and the Impact of Climate Change on the EU Regulatory Framework: Searching for Coherence, Presses universitaires Saint-Louis Bruxelles, Bruxelles 2024, p. 55–73, https://doi.org/10.4000/12kfd.
- Kenig-Witkowska M.M., The EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030: Building Nature Resilience in the Wake of the Post Pandemic COVID-19 Socioeconomic Recovery, “Studia Iuridica” 2022, vol. 91, p. 146–163, https://doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-91.8.
- Kok A., Olde E.M. de, Boer I.J.M. de, Ripoll-Bosch R., European Biodiversity Assessments in Livestock Science: A Review of Research Characteristics and Indicators, “Ecological Indicators” 2020, vol. 112, p. 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105902.
- Köninger J., Panagos P., Jones A., Briones M.J.I., Orgiazzi A., In Defence of Soil Biodiversity: Towards an Inclusive Protection in the European Union, “Biological Conservation” 2022, vol. 268, p. 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109475.
- Kostić M., Ecology of Crime and Ecological Explanations in Criminology, “Proceedings of the Twelfth International Scientific Conference «Social Changes in the Global World»” 2022, vol. 1, no. 9, p. 235–247, https://doi.org/10.46763/SCGW221235k.
- Kowarik I., Urban Biodiversity, Ecosystems and the City. Insights from 50 Years of the Berlin School of Urban Ecology, “Landscape and Urban Planning” 2023, vol. 240, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104877.
- Lemoine-Rodríguez R., García-Arroyo M., Gómez-Martínez M.A., Back M., Lindeman T., MacGregor-Fors I., Unveiling Urban Ecological Integrity: Spatially Explicit Assessment in Contrasting Environments, “Urban Ecosystems” 2024, vol. 27, p. 1167–1174, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-024-01517-1.
- Mackey B., Morgan E., Keith H., Evaluating Forest Landscape Management for Ecosystem Integrity, “Landscape Research” 2023, vol. 49, no. 2, p. 246–267, https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2023.2284938.
- Marselle M.R., Lindley S.J., Cook P.A., Bonn A., Biodiversity and Health in the Urban Environment, “Current Environmental Health Reports” 2021, vol. 8, p. 146–156, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-021-00313-9.
- Moersberger H., Valdez J., Martin J.G.C., Junker J., Georgieva I., Bauer S., Beja P., Breeze T.D., Fernandez M., Fernández N., Brotons L., Jandt U., Bruelheide H., Kissling W.D., Langer C., Liquete C., Lumbierres M., Solheim A.L., Maes J., Morán-Ordóñez A., Moreira F., Pe’er G., Santana J., Shamoun-Baranes J., Smets B., Capinha C., McCallum I., Pereira H.M., Bonn A., Biodiversity Monitoring in Europe: User and Policy Needs, „Conservation Letters” 2024, vol. 17, p. 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.13038.
- National Biodiversity Protection Strategy until 2030, https://www.enviroportal.sk/eia/detail/narodna-strategia-ochrany-biodiverzity-do-roku-2030 [access: 10.06.2025].
- Oke C., Bekessy S.A., Frantzeskaki N., Bush J., Fitzsimons J.A., Garrard G.E., Grenfell M., Harrison L., Hartigan M., Callow D., Cotter B., Gawler S., Cities Should Respond to the Biodiversity Extinction Crisis, “NPJ Urban Sustainability” 2021, vol. 1, p. 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-020-00010-w.
- Pe’er G., Finn J.A., Díaz M., Birkenstock M., Lakner S., Röder N., Kazakova Y., Šumrada T., Bezák P., Concepción E.D., Dänhardt J., Morales M.B., Rac I., Špulerová J., Schindler S., Stavrinides M., Targetti S., Viaggi D., Vogiatzakis I.N., Guyomard H., How Can the European Common Agricultural Policy Help Halt Biodiversity Loss? Recommendations by Over 300 Experts, “Conservation Letters” 2022, vol. 15, p. 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12901.
- Pedersen Zari M., MacKinnon M., Varshney K., Bakshi N., Regenerative Living Cities and the Urban Climate–biodiversity–wellbeing Nexus,
- “Nature Climate Change” 2022, vol. 12, p. 601–604, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01390-w.
- Ranta E., Rosario Vidal-Abarca M., Calapez A.R., João Feio M., Urban Stream Assessment System (UsAs): An Integrative Tool to Assess Biodiversity, Ecosystem Functions and Services, “Ecological Indicators” 2021, vol. 121, p. 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106980.
- Rega-Brodsky C.C., Aronson M.F.J., Piana M.R., Carpenter E.-S., Hahs A.K., Herrera-Montes A., Knapp S., Kotze D.J., Lepczyk C.A., Moretti M., Salisbury A.B., Williams N.S.G., Jung K., Katti M., MacGregor-Fors I., MacIvor J.S., La Sorte F.A., Sheel V., Threfall C.G., Nilon C.H. , Urban Biodiversity: State of the Science and Future Directions, “Urban Ecosystems” 2022, vol. 25, p. 1083–1096, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-022-01207-w.
- Ručinská S., Fečko M., Mitaľ O., Municipalities and Cities in the Center of the Digital and Green Transition, in: R. Lisowski, L. Scholz, Ch. Trüe (eds), Academia, Administration, Digitalization and Sustainability: Change and Transformation the EU Way, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden 2025, p. 19–37, https://doi.org/doi.org/10.5771/9783957104434-19.
- Sarkki S., Tinch R., Niemelä J., Heink U., Waylen K., Timaeus J., Young J., Watt A., Neßhöver C., Hove S. van den, Adding ‘Iterativity’ to the Credibility, Relevance, Legitimacy: A Novel Scheme to Highlight Dynamic Aspects of Science–policy Interfaces, “Environmental Science & Policy” 2015, vol. 54, p. 505–512, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.02.016.
- Sousa R., Zając T., Halabowski D., Aksenova O.V., Bespalaya Y.V., Carvalho F., Castro P., Douda K., Silva J.P. da, Ferreira-Rodríguez N., Geist J., Gumpinger C., Labecka A.M., Lajtner J., Lewin I., Lopes-Lima M., Meira A., Nakamura K., Garrido Nogueira J., Ondina P., Ożgo M., Reis J., Riccardi N., Shumka S., Son M.O., Teixeira A., Thielen F., Urbańska M., Varandas S., Wengström N., Zając K., Zieritz A., Aldridge D.C., A Roadmap for the Conservation of Freshwater Mussels in Europe, “Conservation Biology” 2023, vol. 37, p. 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13994.
- Sun X., Liddicoat C., Tiunov A., Wang B., Zhang Y., Lu Ch., Li Z., Scheu S., Breed M.F., Geisen S., Zhu Y.-G. , Harnessing Soil Biodiversity to Promote Human Health in Cities, “NPJ Urban Sustainability” 2023, vol. 3, no. 5, p. 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-023-00086-0.
- Taylor L., Maller C. J., Soanes K., Ramalho C.E., Aiyer A., Parris K.M., Threlfall C.G., Enablers and Challenges When Engaging Local Communities for Urban Biodiversity Conservation in Australian Cities, “Sustainability Science” 2022, vol. 17, p. 779–792, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-01012-y.
- Theodorou P., The Effects of Urbanisation on Ecological Interactions, “Current Opinion in Insect Science” 2022, vol. 52, p. 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2022.100922.
- Tiago P., Leal A.I. , Rosário I.T., Chozas S., Discovering Urban Nature: Citizen Science and Biodiversity on a University Campus, “Urban Ecosystems” 2024, vol. 27, p. 1609–1621, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-024-01526-0.
- Vasco F., Perrin J., Oertli B., Urban Pondscape Connecting People with Nature and Biodiversity in a Medium-sized European City (Geneva, Switzerland), “Urban Ecosystems” 2024, vol. 27, p. 1117–1137, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-023-01493-y.
- Whitehorn P.R., Navarro L.M., Schröter M., Fernandez M., Rotllan-Puig X., Marques A., Mainstreaming Biodiversity: A Review of National Strategies, „Biological Conservation” 2019, vol. 235, p. 157–163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.04.016.