Opublikowane
2026-06-10
Słowa kluczowe
- bioróżnorodność,
- Serbia,
- normy prawne,
- rozdziały negocjacyjne,
- interes,
- kryminologia,
- biodiversity,
- legal norms,
- negotiation chapters,
- interest,
- criminology
...Więcej
Less
Abstrakt
Układ o stabilizacji i stowarzyszeniu Republiki Serbii z Unią Europejską wszedł w życie 1 września 2013 r. Pozycja negocjacyjna Serbii została określona w ramach 35 rozdziałów. Rozdział 27 pt. Środowisko i zmiany klimatu, obejmuje 10 podstawowych sektorów: ustawodawstwo horyzontalne, jakość powietrza, gospodarowanie odpadami, gospodarkę wodną, ochronę przyrody, kontrolę zanieczyszczeń przemysłowych, substancje chemiczne, ochronę przed hałasem, zmiany klimatu oraz ochronę ludności. W 2007 r. przyjęto ustawę o ratyfikacji Konwencji o ocenach oddziaływania na środowisko w kontekście transgranicznym (Konwencja z Espoo). Ministerstwo Integracji Europejskiej oraz Ministerstwo Ochrony Środowiska publikują na swoich stronach internetowych aktualne raporty dotyczące wszystkich działań podjętych przez Republikę Serbii w ramach otwierania i zamykania Rozdziału 27. Ustawa o ochronie przyrody z 2009 r. definiuje bioróżnorodność jako różnorodność biologiczną, czyli całokształt genów, gatunków i ekosystemów na Ziemi lub w wyraźnie określonym obszarze. Ustawa określa również zasady zrównoważonego użytkowania zasobów naturalnych – rozumianego jako wykorzystywanie elementów bioróżnorodności lub georóżnorodności w taki sposób i w takim zakresie, aby nie prowadziło to do długoterminowego zmniejszenia bioróżnorodności lub georóżnorodności, przy jednoczesnym utrzymaniu ich potencjału do zaspokajania potrzeb i aspiracji obecnych oraz przyszłych pokoleń. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest wskazanie, że Republika Serbii spełnia normatywne przesłanki dla ochrony bioróżnorodności – zarówno w wymiarze regulacyjnym, jak i w zakresie ochrony praktycznej. Długofalowym celem jest natomiast kształtowanie trwałych postaw społeczeństwa serbskiego wobec przyjętych licznych norm mających na celu zachowanie bioróżnorodności.
[The Stabilisation and Association Agreement with the European Union entered into force on 1 September 2013. Serbia’s negotiating positions are defined in 35 chapters. Chapter 27 is entitled Environment and Climate Change and covers 10 basic sectors: horizontal legislation, air quality, waste management, water management, nature protection, industrial pollution control, chemicals, noise protection, climate change, and civil protection. In 2007, the Law on Ratification of the Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (ESPOO Convention) was adopted. The Ministry of European Integration and the Ministry of Environmental Protection provide up-to-date reports on their websites on all the steps taken by the Republic of Serbia in the opening and closing of Chapter 27. The Law on Nature Protection from 2009 defines biodiversity as biological diversity, which is the totality of genes, species, and ecosystems on Earth or in a clearly defined area. The law prescribes the sustainable use of natural assets and/or resources, meaning the use of components of biodiversity or geodiversity in a way and to an extent that does not lead to a long-term reduction of biodiversity – i.e. geodiversity – maintaining their potential to meet the needs and aspirations of current and future generations. The aim of this work is to indicate that the Republic of Serbia meets the normative prerequisites for the preservation of biodiversity, in terms of regulation and protection. The next long-term goal is for the population of Serbia to continually act in accordance with the numerous norms that have been adopted to preserve biodiversity.]
Bibliografia
- Arhiva [Archive], https://www.politika.rs/scc/clanci/arhiva [access: 24.02.2025].
- Biodiverzitet Srbije, [Biodiversity of Serbia], https://ekologika.rs/vesti/srbija/infografika-u-srbiji-ugrozeno-270-zivotinjskih-vrsta/ [access: 27.02.2025].
- Cifrić I., Socijalna ekologija [Social Ecology], Globus, Zagreb 1989.
- Crnobrnja S., Globalno očajanje [Global despair], https://magazin.politika.rs/sr/clanak/571228/globalno-ocajanje [access: 24.02.2025].
- Geddes P., Cities in Evolution, Williams, London 1915, https://archive.org/details/citiesinevolutio00gedduoft/page/12/mode/2up [access: 24.02.2025].
- Gidens E., Sociologija [Sociology], Ekonomski fakultet, Beograd 2005.
- Herchenroeder K., Trump Kicks off Trade War by Slapping Tariffs on Mexico, Canada, and China, https://www.vanityfair.com/news/story/trump-tariffs-mexico-canada-china-trade-war?srsltid=AfmBOop76c6hRtvbJsZmzfplk02kfVhqCeI2lB2xbk2Wi2EDALQ08W8I [access: 3.02.2025].
- Home Page, https://www.ekologija.gov.rs/ [access: 17.02.2025].
- Home Page, https://www.foei.org/ [access: 24.02.2025].
- Illich I., Selbstbegrenzung [Self-Limitation], Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1980.
- Konstantinović Vilić S., Nikolić Ristanović V., Kostić M., Kriminologija [Criminology], Pelikan print, Niš 2009.
- Krivični zakonik Republike Srbije [Criminal Code of the Republic of Serbia], Official Gazette of the RS, Nos. 85/2005, 88/2005 (corr.), 107/2005 (corr.), 72/2009, 111/2009, 121/2012, 104/2013, 108/2014 and 94/2016.
- Maguire M., Morgan R., Reiner R. (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2007.
- Mapa dokumenata javnih politika Republike Srbije [Map of Public Policy Documents of the Republic of Serbia], https://rsjp.gov.rs/sr/sema-jp-mapa// [access: 28.02.2025].
- Marković J., Petrović V., Razumevanje ljudskih prava – priručnik o obrazovanju za ljudska prava [Understanding Human Rights – Manual on Human Rights Education], Ministarstvo za ljudska i manjinska prava Srbije i Crne Gore, Beograd 2003, http://www.bgcentar.org.rs/bgcentar/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/razumevanje-ljudskih-prava.pdf [access: 25.02.2025].
- Marković N., Efekat leptira – kako samo jedan zamah krila može izazvati uragan [The Butterfly Effect – How a Single Flap of Wings Can Cause a Hurricane], https://www.rts.rs/lat/magazin/nauka/4794269/efekat-leptira--kako-samo-jedan-zamah-krila-moze-izazvati-uragan.html [access: 27.02.2025].
- Morris T., The Criminal Area, Routledge, London 1971.
- Negotiating Position of the Republic of Serbia for the Intergovernmental Conference on Accession of the Republic of Serbia to the European Union for Chapter 27 – Environment and Climate Change, https://www.mei.gov.rs/eng/documents/negotiations-with-the-eu/accession-negotiations-with-the-eu/negotiating-positions/chapter-27/ [access: 27.02.2025].
- Pečar J., Ekološka kriminaliteta in kriminologija [Environmental Crime and Criminology], “Revija za kriminalistiko in kriminologijo” 1981, vol. 32, no. 1, p. 33–45.
- Pregovaračka poglavlja. 35 koraka ka Evropskoj uniji [Negotiation Chapters. 35 Steps Towards the European Union], EU Information Centre in Belgrade, Belgrade 2014, https://europa.rs/images/publikacije/34-35_koraka_ka_EU.pdf [access: 5.02.2025].
- Projekat Jadar – pitanja i odgovori [Jadar Project – Questions and Answers], https://www.mre.gov.rs/tekst/sr/6831/projekat-jadar-pitanja-i-odgovori.php [access: 24.02.2025].
- Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat of 2 February 1971, https://www.ramsar.org/ [access: 12.02.2025].
- Realisation of project “EU for Green Agenda in Serbia” begins, https://www.srbija.gov.rs/vest/en/183760/realisation-of-project-eu-for-green-agenda-in-serbia-begins.php [access: 7.02.2025].
- Reid S.T., Crime and Criminology, McGraw-Hill, New York 2003.
- Simmons G., Vardy M., Stevenson R., What is the Difference Between Green Criminology and Environmental Criminology?, https://kpu.pressbooks.pub/introcrim/chapter/13-2-what-is-the-difference-between-green-criminology-and-environmental-criminology/ [access: 28.02.2025].
- Stabilisation and Association Agreement, https://www.mei.gov.rs/eng/serbia-and-eu/stabilisation-and-association-agreement/ [access: 26.02.2025].
- Steven Soderbergh, in: Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Steven-Soderbergh [access: 31.01.2025].
- Trklja N., Uticajna stara dama [The Impactful Old Lady], https://www.politika.rs/scc/stranica/4/O-nama [access: 24.02.2025].
- Uredba o ratifikaciji Konvencije o močvarama koje su od međunarodnog značaja, naročito kao staništa ptica močvarica [Decree on the Ratification of the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat], Official Gazette of the SFRY – International Treaties, No. 9/1977.
- What is Globalization?, http://www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization/ [access: 28.02.2025].
- Zakon o ambalaži i ambalažnom otpadu [Law on Packaging and Packaging Waste], Official Gazette of the RS, Nos. 36/2009 and 95/2018 (amending law).
- Zakon o integrisanom sprečavanju i kontroli zagađivanja životne sredine [Law on Integrated Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution], Official Gazette of the RS, Nos. 135/2004, 25/2015 and 109/2021.
- Zakon o klimatskim promenama [Law on Climate Change], Official Gazette of the RS, No. 26/2021.
- Zakon o korišćenju obnovljivih izvora energije [Law on the Use of Renewable Energy Sources], Official Gazette of the RS, Nos. 40/2021 and 35/2023.
- Zakon o potvrđivanju Konvencije o biološkoj raznovrsnosti [Act on the Ratification of the Convention on Biological Diversity], Official Gazette of the FRY – International Treaties, No. 11/2001.
- Zakon o potvrđivanju Konvencije o proceni uticaja na životnu sredinu u prekograničnom kontekstu [Act on the Ratification of the Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context], Official Gazette of the RS – International Treaties, No. 102/2007.
- Zakon o upravljanju otpadom [Law on Waste Management], Official Gazette of the RS, Nos. 36/2009, 88/2010, 14/2016 and 95/2018 (amending law).
- Zakon o vodama [Law on Waters], Official Gazette of the RS, Nos. 30/2010, 93/2012, 101/2016, 95/2018 and 95/2018 (amending law).
- Zakon o zaštiti od buke u životnoj sredini [Law on Protection Against Noise in the Environment], Official Gazette of the RS, No. 96/2021.
- Zakon o zaštiti od nejonizujućih zračenja [Law on Protection Against Non-Ionizing Radiation], Official Gazette of the RS, No. 36/2009.
- Zakon o zaštiti prirode [Law on Nature Protection], Official Gazette of the RS, Nos. 36/2009, 88/2010, 91/2010 (corr.), 14/2016, 95/2018 (amending law) and 71/2021.
- Zakon o zaštiti vazduha [Law on Air Protection], Official Gazette of the RS, Nos. 36/2009, 10/2013 and 26/2021 (amending law).
- Zakon o zaštiti zemljišta [Law on Soil Protection], Official Gazette of the RS, No. 112/2015.
- Zakon o zaštiti životne sredine [Law on Environmental Protection], Official Gazette of the RS, Nos. 135/2004, 36/2009, 36/2009 (amending law), 72/2009 (amending law), 43/2011 (Constitutional Court decision), 14/2016, 76/2018, 95/2018 (amending law) and 95/2018 (amending law).