Nr XLVI/1 (2024)
Artykuły

The reform of administrative detention in Italy: A “declaration of war” to irregular migrants and asylum seekers

Reforma detencji administracyjej we Włoszech. „Wypowiedzenie wojny” migrantom o nieuregulowanym statusie i osobom ubiegającym się o ochronę

Costanza Agnella
University of Turin
Eleonora Celoria
University of Turin

Opublikowane 2024-09-30

Słowa kluczowe

  • administrative detention,
  • borders,
  • asylum seekers,
  • deterrence,
  • symbolic policies,
  • detencja administracyjna,
  • granice,
  • osoby ubiegające się o ochronę,
  • odstraszanie,
  • polityka symboliczna
  • ...Więcej
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“The reform of administrative detention in Italy: A ‘declaration of war” to irregular migrants and asylum seekers: Reforma detencji administracyjej we Włoszech. „Wypowiedzenie wojny’ migrantom o nieuregulowanym statusie i osobom ubiegającym się o ochronę” (2024) Archiwum Kryminologii, (XLVI/1), pp. 101–129. doi:10.7420/AK2024.11.

Abstrakt

Dating back to Italy’s first comprehensive immigration law in the 1990s, the practice of detaining irregular migrants has served various explicit and implicit purposes, both practical and symbolic. Two decrees passed in 2023, under the far-right government of Giorgia Meloni, were explicitly framed as responses to the increasing number of migrants arriving at the borders. The aim of these decrees was to prolong the detention of asylum seekers and irregular migrants, with the stated aim of increasing returns. However, despite these measures, available data suggests that the capacity of detention centres has not increased significantly, and the rate of returns has remained stable. Against this backdrop, this article seeks to explore the explicit and implicit functions of detention by examining recent reforms and publicly available quantitative data obtained through a request under Italy’s Freedom of Information Act. It suggests that whilst detention serves practical purposes for a minority of migrants, its symbolic role in conveying state sovereignty and strict border control is equally important.

 

Począwszy od pierwszego kompleksowego prawa imigracyjnego we Włoszech w latach 90. XX wieku, praktyka umieszczania w detencji migrantów o nieuregulowanym statusie służyła różnym jawnym i ukrytym celom, zarówno praktycznym, jak i symbolicznym. Dwa dekrety przyjęte w 2023 r., pod rządami skrajnie prawicowego rządu Giorgii Meloni, zostały wyraźnie sformułowane jako odpowiedź na rosnącą liczbę migrantów przybywających na granice kraju. Celem tych dekretów było przedłużenie detencji osób ubiegających się o ochronę i migrantów o nieuregulowanym statusie, by zwiększyć liczbę powrotów. Jednak pomimo tych środków, dostępne dane sugerują, że pojemność ośrodków detencyjnych nie wzrosła znacząco, a wskaźnik powrotów pozostał stabilny. W tym kontekście niniejszy artykuł ma na celu zbadanie jawnych i ukrytych funkcji detencji poprzez analizę ostatnich reform i publicznie dostępnych danych ilościowych uzyskanych na wniosek na podstawie włoskiej ustawy o wolności informacji. Sugeruje on, że podczas gdy w odniesieniu do mniejszości migrantów detencja służy praktycznym celom, jej symboliczna rola w zapewnianiu suwerenności państwa i ścisłej kontroli granic jest równie ważna.

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