Make a Submission
No. XLVI/1 (2024)
Articles

Struggles over the borders of international protection: A socio-legal analysis of climate-induced migration in Italy

PDF
  • Michela Trinchese
Michela Trinchese
Univeristy of Salento

Published 2024-09-30

Keywords

  • climate migration,
  • international protection,
  • human rights,
  • courts,
  • border struggles

Copyright (c) 2024 Michela Trinchese

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

“Struggles over the borders of international protection: A socio-legal analysis of climate-induced migration in Italy: Walka o granice ochrony międzynarodowej. Analiza społeczno-prawna migracji klimatycznych we Włoszech” (2024) Archives of Criminology, (XLVI/1), pp. 131–147. doi:10.7420/AK2024.09.
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Abstract

The paper explores the multifaceted nature of borders, drawing on Sandro Mezzadra and Brett Neilson’s (2013) concept of a border as both a demarcation line between States and an instrument for governing global space. Borders, including legal ones, are simultaneously sites of control and resistance, as articulated by Bell Hooks (1991). The paper delves into border struggles within the international protection system, especially concerning environmentally driven migration. Climate change disrupts established migration control policies and protection frameworks, challenging legal spaces to reconcile human rights protection with migration control. By analysing documents related to residence permits issued for environmentally induced migration, this study aims to uncover the nuances of these border struggles through semantic analysis. In addition, this research situates itself within Sousa Santos’ theoretical framework, “human rights theories” (2015). It examines how Italian jurisprudence responds to climate-induced migration, particularly focussing on the interpretation of humanitarian protection for those displaced by environmental factors. Despite judicial recognition of climate migration, legislative changes in 2018 eliminated humanitarian permits, limiting avenues for protection. The study advocates for reimagining legal frameworks to address emerging challenges, highlighting the pivotal role of human rights in shaping migration governance and advocating for a comprehensive approach that prioritises social justice.

PDF

References

  1. ASGI (2018). Le modifiche in tema di permesso di soggiorno conseguenti all’abrogazione dei motivi umanitari e sull’art. 1, D.L. 113/2018 – Prime osservazioni [Changes regarding residence permits following the abolition of humanitarian grounds and Article 1 of Decree Law 113/2018 – Initial Observations]. Available online: https://www.asgi.it/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/2018_10_25_scheda_ ASGI_art_1_DL_Immigrazione_113_ok-_1_.pdf [30.07.2024].
  2. Bobbio N. (1990). L’età dei diritti [The age of rights]. Torino: Giulio Einaudi Editore.
  3. Clement V., Rigaud K.K., Sherbinin A. de, Jones B., Adamo S., Schewe J., Sadiq N., and Shabahat E. (2021). Groundswell Part 2: Acting on Internal Climate Migration. Washington: The World Bank.
  4. Closas Casasampera A. (2021). ‘A Foucauldian Reading of the Global Compact for Mi-gration: How “The Migrant” is Represented and Rendered Governable.’ In J.L. Diab (ed.) Dignity in Movement: Borders, Bodies and Rights. Bristol: E-International Relations. Available online: https://www.e-ir.info/2021/04/26/a-foucauldian-reading-of-the-global-compact-for-migration/ [31.07.2024].
  5. Consolidated Text of provisions concerning the regulation of immigration and rules on the condition of foreigners. Legislative Decree 25 July 1998, No. 286 [Legislative Decree 286/1998].
  6. Davis M. (2002). Olocausti tardovittoriani. El Nino, le carestie e la costruzione del Terzo Mondo [Late victorian Holocausts: El Niño, famines, and the making of the third world]. G. Carlotti (transl.). Milano: Feltrinelli.
  7. Foucault M. (1969). The Archaeology of Knowledge [Originally published in France under the title L’Archeologie du Savoir by Editions Gallimard]. R. Swyer (transl.). New York: Pantheon Books.
  8. Foucault M. (1981). ‘The order of discourse.’ In R. Young (ed.) Untying the Text: A Post-Structuralist Reader. Boston, London and Henley: Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. 51–78.
  9. Giacomelli E., Magnani E., Musaro P., and Walker S. (2023). Crisi climatica, mobilità e giustizia sociale. Voci e storie dal Senegal [Climate crisis, mobility, and social justice: Voices and stories from Senegal]. Bologna: DeriveApprodi.
  10. Hinnawi E.E. and UNEP. (1985). Environmental Refugee. Nairobi: UNEP.
  11. Hooks B. and Nadotti M. (eds.) (2018). Elogio del margine. Scrivere al buio [In praise of the margin: Writing in the dark]. M. Nadotti (transl.). Napoli: Tamu edizioni.
  12. Human Rights Committee (2020). Views Adopted by the Committee under Article 5 (4) of the Optional Protocol, Concerning Communication No. 2728/2016. CCPR/ C/127/D/2728/2016, Docstore.ohchr.org. Available online: https://docstore.ohchr. org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsjvfI-jqiI84ZFd1DNP1S9EKG9gxBGj9kie9DBbO0eH5N3hhnsj%2FmXyyUMRG-qAMBUPEmGiVv1l5ueyf40YfsDu0dp9yZLW4jePTIgY0yjbRLV1mhxrLmEom-P8%2BgyRbPvKRQ%3D%3D [31.07.2024].
  13. IDMC (2023). GRID 2023. Internal Displacement and Food Security. Geneva: Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. Available online: https://api.internal-displacement. org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/IDMC_GRID_2023_Global_Report_on_Internal_Displacement_LR.pdf [31.07.2024].
  14. Ioane Teitiota v. New Zealand (2020). Human Rights Committee. Views adopted by the Committee under Article 5 (4) of the Optional Protocol, concerning communication No. 2728/2016.
  15. Ionesco D., Mokhnacheva D., and Gemenne F. (2017). The Atlas of Environmental Migration. New York: Routledge.
  16. IPCC (2023). ‘Summary for policymakers.’ In H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.) Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva: IPCC, pp. 1–34. https://doi.org/10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647.001
  17. Judgment No. 1522/2017 R.G. L’Aquila Court from 18 February 2018 [1522/2017] (2018).
  18. Judgment No. 5022/2021 Supreme Court of Cassation from 24 February 2021 [5022/2021] (2021).
  19. Judgment No. 7334/2014 R.G. Bologna Court from 18 November 2014 [7334/2014] (2014).
  20. Kumari Rigaud K., Sherbinin A. de, Jones B., Bergmann J., Clement V., Ober K., Schewe J., Adamo S., McCusker B., Heuser S., and Midgley A. (2018). Ground¬swell: Preparing for Internal Climate Migration. Washington: The World Bank.
  21. Longo M. and Lorubbio V. (2023). ‘Vulnerabilità, rischio e diritti umani tra riflessione sociologica e diritto internazionale’ [Vulnerability, risk, and human rights: Be¬tween sociological reflection and international law]. Rivista Trimestrale di Scienza dell’Amministrazione 3, pp. 1–29. https://doi.org/10.32049/RTSA.2021.3.09
  22. McGregor J. (1993). ‘Refugee and the environment.’ In R. Black and V. Robinson (eds.) Geography of Refugee: Patterns and Processes of Change. London: Bellhaven, pp. 157–171.
  23. Mezzadra S. and Neilson B. (2013). Borde Ras Method or, the Multiplication of the Labor. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
  24. Pisanò A. (2022). Il diritto al clima. Il ruolo dei diritti nei contenziosi climatici europei [The right to climate: The role of rights in european climate litigation]. Napoli: Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane.
  25. Richmond A.H. (1994). Global Apartheid: Refugees, Racism, and the New World Order. Toronto, New York: Oxford University Press.
  26. Rodotà S. (2012). Il diritto di avere diritti [The right to have rights]. Bari-Roma: Gius. Laterza & Figli.
  27. Scissa C. (2021). ‘Recognition and Protection of Environmental Migrants in Internation¬al Law: A Long-Lasting Swing Between Urgency and Postponement.’ In J.L. Diab (ed.) Dignity in Movement: Borders, Bodies and Rights. Bristol: E-International Relations. Available online: https://www.e-ir.info/2021/06/24/recognition-and-pro¬tection-of-environmental-migrants-in-international-law/ [31.07.2024].
  28. Sousa Santos B. (2015). ‘Towards a socio-legal theory of indignation.’ In U. Baxi, C. Mccruddden, A. Paliwala (eds.) Law’s Ethical, Gloabal and Thoeretical Context. Cambridge: Cambridge Univerisity Press, pp. 115–142.
  29. Trinchese M. (2024). ‘Towards a definition of climate migration.’ Partecipazione e Conflitto 7(1), pp. 266–275. https://doi.org/10.1285/i20356609v17i1p266
  30. Urgent Provisions on International Protection and Immigration, Public Security, as well as Measures for the Functionality of the Ministry of the Interior and the Organization and Operation of the National Agency for the Administration and Allocation of Assets Seized and Confiscated from Organized Crime. Legislative Decree No. 113 of 4 October 2018 [Legislative Decree 113/2018].

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.