Make a Submission
Vol. 35 (2015)
General Articles

Some Developments in the Prosecution of International Crimes Committedin Palestine: Any Real News?

PDF
  • Marco Longobardo
Marco Longobardo
University of Rome Sapienza

Published 2016-06-30

Keywords

  • ICC,
  • international crimes ,
  • Israel,
  • Palestine,
  • Palestinian Territory,
  • Rome Statute
    • ...More
    Less

Copyright (c) 2016 ILS PAS

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Some Developments in the Prosecution of International Crimes Committedin Palestine: Any Real News?. (2016). Polish Yearbook of International Law, 35, 109-137. https://doi.org/10.7420/pyil2015d

Abstract

This article examines the recent developments in the prosecution of international crimes committed in the Palestinian Territory, focusing mainly on the role of the International Criminal Court. The author analyses the Palestinian accession to the Rome Statute and the declarations issued pursuant to Art. 12(3) in order to verify whether it is possible to bring justice to Palestine through the prosecution of atrocities committed by both parties. The article pays great attention to the most recent events, such as the Prosecutor’s report on the Mavi Marmara incident and the subsequent decision of the Pre-Trial Chamber. Issues related to the Palestinian statehood are taken in account in relation to the interplay between international criminal justice and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

PDF

References

  1. A Framework for Peace in the Middle East, 17 September 1978.
  2. A Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel, 17 September 1978, UNTS 17853.
  3. Abercrombie J., Half the World, HarperCollins, London 2015.
  4. Abi-Saab G., Cours général de droit international public, “Recueil des Cours de l’Academie de Droit International”1987, vol. 207.
  5. Agreement on Gaza Strip and Jericho Area, 4 May 1994.
  6. Akande D., Court between a Rock and a Hard Place, Comoros Refers Israel’s Raid on Gaza Flotilla to the ICC, EJIL: Talk!, 15 May 2013, http://tinyurl.com/h96rh8p [access: 20.04.2016].
  7. Akande D., Palestine as an UN Observer State: Does This Make Palestine a State?, EJIL: Talk!, 3 December 2012, www.ejiltalk.org/palestine-as-a-un-observer-state-does-this-make-palestinea-state/ [access: 20.04.2016].
  8. Akhavan P., Self-referrals before the International Criminal Court: Are States the villains or the victims?, “Criminal Law Forum” 2010, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 103–120.
  9. Ambos K., Expanding the Focus of the “African Criminal Court” [in:] W.A. Schabas, Y. McDermott, N. Hayes (eds.), The Ashgate Research Companion to International Criminal Law, Ashgate, Cheltenham 2013, pp. 499–529.
  10. Ambos K., Palestine, UN Non-Member Observer Status and ICC Jurisdiction, EJIL: Talk!, 6 May 2014, www.ejiltalk.org/palestine-un-non-memberobserver-status-and-icc-jurisdiction/ [access: 20.04.2016].
  11. Amnesty International, Unlawful and Deadly, Rocket and Mortar Attacks by Palestinian Armed Groups During the 2014 Gaza/Israel Conflict, March 2015, www.amnestyusa.org/sites/default/files/unlawful_and_deadly_web.pdf [access: 20.04.2016].
  12. Annoni A., L’occupazione “ostile” nel diritto internazionale contemporaneo, Giappichelli, Torino 2012.
  13. Arangio-Ruiz G., La persona internazionale dello Stato [International legal capacity of the state], UTET, Torino 2008.
  14. Azarov V., Weil S., Israel’s unwillingness? The Follow-Up Investigations To the UN Gaza conflict report and International Criminal Justice, “International Criminal Law Review” 2012, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 905–935.
  15. Barnidge R.P., Self-Determination, Statehood, and the Law of Negotiation: The Case of Palestine, Hart, Oxford 2016.
  16. Beaumont P., EU Parliament Backs Palestinian State in Principle, The Guardian, 17 December 2014, www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/17/eu-parliament-backs-palestine-state [access: 20.04.2016].
  17. Beaumont P., What’s driving the young lone wolves who are stalking the streets of Israel?, The Guardian, 18 October 2015, www.theguardian.com/world/2015/oct/18/knife-intifada-palestinian-israel-west-bank [access: 20.04.2016].
  18. Ben-Naftali O., A judgment in the shadow of International Criminal Law, “Journal of International Criminal Justice” 2007, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 322–331.
  19. Ben-Naftali O., PathoLAWgical occupation: Normalizing the exceptional case of the occupied Palestinian territory and other legal pathologies [in:] O. Ben-Naftali (ed.), International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2011, pp. 129–200.
  20. Benvenisti, E. The International Law of Occupation, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012.
  21. Bockel A., Le retrait israélien de Gaza et ses conséquences sur le droit international, “Annuaire Français de Droit International” 2005, vol. 51, pp. 16–26.
  22. Bosco D., Palestine in the Hague: Justice, geopolitics, and the International Criminal Court, “Global Governance” 2016, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 155–171.
  23. Boyle F.A., The creation of the state of Palestine, “European Journal of International Law” 1990, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 301–306.
  24. Buchan R., The International Law of Naval Blockade and Israel’s interception of the Mavi Marmara, “Netherlands International Law Review” 2011, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 209–241.
  25. Buchan R., The Mavi Marmara incident and the International Criminal Court, “Criminal Law Forum” 2014, vol. 25, no. 3–4, pp. 465–503.
  26. Caban P., Preliminary Examinations by the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, “Czech Yearbook of International Law” 2011, vol. 2, pp. 199–216.
  27. Case of HCJ 5290/14, 5295/14 and 5300/14, Qawasmeh et al. v. IDF Commander et. al., Judgment (11 August 2014), www.hamoked.org/files/2014/1158616_eng.pdf [access: 20.04.2016].
  28. Cassese A., International Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2005.
  29. Cassese A., Se l’ONU riconoscesse lo Stato palestinese [The UN and the recognition of the State of Palestine], La Repubblica, http://tinyurl.com/judcagp [access: 20.04.2016].
  30. Cerone J., The ICC and Palestinian Consent, 19 ASIL Insights, 20 March 2015, www.asil.org/insights/volume/19/issue/6/icc-and-palestinianconsent [access: 20.04.2016].
  31. Cimiotta E., Corte penale internazionale e accettazione della giurisdizione da parte della Palestina: incompetenza o subalternità al Consiglio di sicurezza? [International Criminal Court and acceptance of jurisdiction by Palestine: lack of jurisdiction or deference to the Security Council?], “Diritti Umani e Diritto Internazionale” 2012, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 685–693.
  32. Combacau J., Sur S., Droit international public, Montchrestien, Paris 2012.
  33. Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, 12 August 1949.
  34. Convention (II) for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea, 12 August 1949.
  35. Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, 12 August 1949.
  36. Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, 12 August 1949 (IV Geneva Convention).
  37. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 10 December 1984.
  38. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 18 December 1979.
  39. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 13 December 2006.
  40. Convention on the Rights of the Child, 20 November 1989.
  41. Costa K. da, The Extraterritorial Application of Selected Human Rights Treaties, Brill, Leiden 2013.
  42. Crawford J., The Creation of States in International Law, Clarendon Press, Oxford 2006.
  43. Crawford J., The creation of the state of Palestine: Too much too soon?, “European Journal of International Law” 1990, vol. 1, no. 1–2, pp. 307–313.
  44. Crowcroft O., Three Jewish Israelis Admit Kidnapping and Killing Palestinian Boy, The Guardian, 14 July 2014, www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/14/three-jewish-israelis-chargedkidnapping-killing-palestinian-boy [access: 20.04.2016].
  45. Daniele L., La Palestina aderisce alla Corte penale internazionale: e ora? [Palestine joined the ICC: and now?], SIDIBlog, 10 January 2015, www.sidi-isil.org/sidiblog/?p=1251 [access: 20.04.2016].
  46. Darcy S., Collective Punishment Receives a Judicial Imprimatur, EJIL: Talk!, 21 August 2014, www.ejiltalk.org/collective-punishment-receives-a-judicial-imprimatur/ [access: 20.04.2016].
  47. Darcy S., Reynolds J., An enduring occupation: The status of the Gaza strip from the perspective of International Humanitarian Law, “Journal of Conflict and Security Law” 2010, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 211–243.
  48. David E., Le statut étatique de la Palestine, “I Diritti dell’Uomo. Cronache e battaglie” 2009, vol. 20.
  49. Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements, 13 September 1993.
  50. Della Morte G., Su Gaza. Tre obiezioni a Lorenzo Gradoni [Remarks about Gaza. Three counter-arguments to Lorenzo Gradoni], “Quaderni di SIDIBlog” 2014, vol. 1.
  51. Dinstein Y., The Conduct of Hostilities under the Law of International Armed Conflicts, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2010.
  52. Dinstein Y., The International Law of Belligerent Occupation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2009.
  53. Dugard J., Palestine and the International Criminal Court. Institutional failure or bias?, “Journal of International Criminal Justice” 2013, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 563–570.
  54. Dugard J., Recognition and the United Nations, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1987.
  55. El Zeidy M.M., Ad hoc declarations of acceptance of jurisdiction: The Palestinian situation under scrutiny [in:] C. Stahn (ed.), The Law and Practice of the International Criminal Court, Oxford University Press, Oxford: 2015, pp. 179–209.
  56. Falk R.A., No peace without rights: Why International Law matters, “Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems” 2012, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 31–48.
  57. Fernández F.V., El reconocimiento de la jurisdicción y la ratificación del Estatuto de la Corte Penal Internacional por el Estado de Palestina: Un proceso complejo con importantes consecuencias jurídicas [The Acceptance of the International Criminal Court Jurisdiction and the Ratification of Its Statute by the State of Palestine: A Complex Process with Important Legal Consecuences], “Revista Electrònica de Estudios Internacionales” 2015, vol. 30, http://tinyurl.com/jbgls4q [access: 20.04.2016].
  58. Forteau M., La Palestine comme “État” au regard du statut de la Cour pénale internationale, “Revue belge de droit international” 2012, vol. 45, no. 1, p. 41–64.
  59. Gaeta P., Is the practice of self-referral a sound start for the ICC?, “Journal of International Criminal Justice” 2004, vol. 2.
  60. General Assembly practice since UNGA Res 43/177 (15 December 1988), UN Doc A/RES/43/177.
  61. Gioia A., La lotta al terrorismo tra diritto di guerra e diritti dell’uomo [The fight against terrorism between the law of war and human rights law] [in:] P. Gargiulo and M.C. Vitucci (eds.), La tutela dei diritti umani nella lotta e nella guerra al terrorismo, Editoriale Scientifica, Napoli 2009.
  62. Gradoni L., A proposito di un appello per Gaza lanciato da esperti di diritto internazionale [Remarks on a joint declaration regarding Gaza issued by international lawyers], “Quaderni di SIDIBlog” 2014, vol. 1.
  63. Gradoni L., Gaza e la lotta per il diritto internazionale [Gaza and the struggle for international law], “Quaderni di SIDIBlog” 2014, vol. 1.
  64. Guilfoyle D., The Mavi Marmara incident and blockade in armed conflict, “The British Yearbook of International Law” 2011, vol. 81, pp. 171–223.
  65. Guzman M.M. de, Gravity and the legitimacy of the International Criminal Court, “Fordham International Law Journal” 2008, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 1400–1465.
  66. Guzman M.M. de, What is the Gravity Threshold for an ICC Investigation? Lessons from the Pre-Trial Chamber Decision in the Comoros Situation, 19 ASIL Insights, 11 August 2015, http://tinyurl.com/jmtddgt [access: 20.04.2016].
  67. Hamdan A.M., Secularism in the Middle East, Palestine as an Example, “Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East” 2011, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 120–123.
  68. Heller K.J., Could the ICC Investigate Israel’s Attack on the Mavi Marmara?, Opinio juris, 17 March 2013, http://tinyurl.com/jhbkwl5 [access: 20.04.2016].
  69. Heller K.J., The Pre-Trial Chamber’s Dangerous Comoros Review Decision, Opinio juris, 17 July 2015, http://tinyurl.com/j8zlf66 [access: 20.04.2016].
  70. Henckaerts J.-M., Doswald-Beck L. (eds.), Customary International Humanitarian Law, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2005.
  71. Hinojal-Oyarbide A., Rosenboom A., Managing the process of treaty formation: Depositaries and registration [in:] D.B. Hollis (ed.), The Oxford Guide to Treaties, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, pp. 248–276.
  72. Hoffmeister F., Article 15 [in:] O. Dörr, K. Schmalenbach (eds.), Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. A Commentary, Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg 2012.
  73. Human Rights Watch, Gaza: Israeli Soldiers Shoot and Kill Fleeing Civilians, 4 August 2014, www.hrw.org/news/2014/08/04/gaza-israeli-soldiers-shoot-and-kill-fleeing-civilians [access: 20.04.2016].
  74. Human Rights Watch, Promoting Impunity – The Israeli Military’s Failure to Investigate Wrongdoing, June 2005, www.hrw.org/reports/2005/iopt0605/iopt0605.pdf [access: 20.04.2016].
  75. International Court of Justice, Case Concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda) (Judgment), [2005] ICJ Rep 168.
  76. International Court of Justice, Case concerning the Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company, Limited, Second Phase (Judgment), [1970] ICJ Rep. 3.
  77. International Court of Justice, Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Advisory Opinion), [2004] ICJ Rep., pp. 136.
  78. International Court of Justice, Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons (Advisory Opinion), [1996] ICJ Rep. 226.
  79. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16 December 1966.
  80. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 16 December 1966.
  81. International Criminal Court, Application for Review pursuant to Article 53(3)(a) of the Prosecutor’s Decision of 6 November 2014 not to initiate an investigation in the Situation, 29 January 2015, ICC-01/13-3-Red.
  82. International Criminal Court, Office of the Procurator, Situation on Registered Vessels of Comoros, Greece and Cambodia – Article 53(1) Report, 6 November 2014, http://tinyurl.com/kt82ocf [access: 20.04.2016].
  83. International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, ICC Prosecutor Receives Referral by the Authorities of the Union of the Comoros in Relation to the Events of May 2010 on the Vessel Mavi Marmara, 14 May 2013, http://tinyurl.com/jzfvjqd [access: 20.04.2016].
  84. International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, Palestine Declares Acceptance of ICC Jurisdiction since 13 June 2014, 5 January 2015, http://tinyurl.com/o4rld3q [access: 20.04.2016].
  85. International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, Policy Paper on Preliminary Examinations, November 2013, http://tinyurl.com/pkm6unx [access: 20.04.2016].
  86. International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, Policy Paper on the Interests of Justice, September 2007, www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/library/organs/otp/ICC-OTP-InterestsOfJustice.pdf [access: 20.04.2016].
  87. International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, Regulations of the Office of the Prosecutor, Date of entry into force: 23 April 2009, http://tinyurl.com/q7zee2d [access: 20.04.2016].
  88. International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, Report on Preliminary Examination Activities (2015), 12 November 2015, www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/otp/OTP-PE-rep-2015-Eng.pdf [access: 20.04.2016].
  89. International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, Situation in Palestine, 3 April 2012, http://tinyurl.com/8y7mncy [access: 20.04.2016].
  90. International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, Statement of the Prosecutor, 9 February 2006, http://tinyurl.com/27r2alw [access: 20.04.2016].
  91. International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, The Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, Fatou Bensouda, receives the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Palestine, 8 August 2014, http://tinyurl.com/j5cehmk [access: 20.04.2016].
  92. International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, The Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, Fatou Bensouda, Opens a Preliminary Examination of the Situation in Palestine, 16 January 2015, http://tinyurl.com/nj4qqco [access: 20.04.2016].
  93. International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, The Public Deserves to know the Truth about the ICC’s Jurisdiction over Palestine, 2 September 2014, http://tinyurl.com/j2h5dlx [access: 20.04.2016].
  94. International Criminal Court, Situation in Kenya, Decision Pursuant to Article 15 of the Rome Statute on the Authorization of an Investigation into the Situation in the Republic of Kenya, 31 March 2010, ICC-01/09.
  95. International Criminal Court, Situation on Registered Vessels of the Union of the Comoros, The Hellenic Republic of Greece and the Kingdom of Cambodia, Notice of Appeal of “Decision on the request of the Union of the Comoros to review the Prosecutor’s decision not to initiate an investigation”, 27 July 2015, ICC-01/13-35.
  96. International Criminal Court, Situation on Registered Vessels of the Union of the Comoros, The Hellenic Republic of Greece and the Kingdom of Cambodia, Decision on the admissibility of the Prosecutor’s Appeal against the “Decision on the request of the Union of the Comoros to review the Prosecutor’s decision not to initiate an investigation”, 6 November 2015, ICC-01/13-51.
  97. International Criminal Court, Situation on the Registered Vessels of the Union of the Comoros, the Hellenic Republic and the Kingdom of Cambodia, Decision on the request of the Union of the Comoros to review the Prosecutor’s decision not to initiate an investigation, 16 July 2015, ICC-01/13.
  98. International Criminal Court, States Party to the Rome Statute, Côte d’Ivoire, http://tinyurl.com/jnrkgfl [access: 20.04.2016].
  99. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Behind the Headlines: Fighting Hamas Terrorism Within the Law, 7 August 2014, http://tinyurl.com/hnrz7r6 [access: 20.04.2016].
  100. Israel Supreme Court, HCJ 769/02, Public Committee Against Torture et al. v. Government of Israel et al. (Judgment), 13 December 2006, www.haguejusticeportal.net/Docs/NLP/Israel/Targetted_Killings_Supreme_Court_13-12-2006.pdf [access: 20.04.2016].
  101. Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement, 28 September 1995.
  102. Joint Declaration by International Law Experts on Israel’s Gaza Offensive, 28 July 2014, http://tinyurl.com/oo54ofa [access: 20.04.2016].
  103. Kattan V., The Implications of Joining the ICC after Operation Protective Edge, Journal of Palestine Studies (2014/2015), www.palestine-studies.org/jps/fulltext/186675 [access: 20.04.2016].
  104. Kearney M., Initial Thoughts on the ICC Prosecutor’s Mavi Marmara Report, Opinio juris, 8 November 2014, http://tinyurl.com/gny24wf [access: 20.04.2016].
  105. Kearney M., Reynolds J., Palestine and the politics of International Criminal Justice [in:] W.A. Schabas, Y. McDermott, N. Hayes (eds.), The Ashgate Research Companion to International Criminal Law, Ashgate, Cheltenham 2013, pp. 407–433.
  106. Khoury J., Palestinian President Abbas Quits as Chairman of the PLO Executive Committee, Haaretz, 23 August 2015, www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/.premium-1.672425 [access: 20.04.2016].
  107. Knoops G.-J.A., Zwart T., The Flotilla Case before the ICC: The need to do justice while keeping the heaven intact, “International Criminal Law Review” 2015, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 1069–1097.
  108. Kolb R., Vité S., Le droit de l’occupation militaire: Perspectives historiques et enjeux juridiques actuels, Bruylant, Bruxelles 2009.
  109. Kontorovich E., Israel/Palestine – The ICC’s uncharted territory, “Journal of International Criminal Justice” 2013, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 979–999.
  110. Korman S., The Right of Conquest. The Acquisition of Territory by Force in International Law and Practice, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1996.
  111. Koutroulis V., Appréciation de l'appication de certaines règles du droit international humanitaire dans les rapports portant sur l'interception de la flottille naviguant vers Gaza, “Revue Belge de Droit International” 2012, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 90–122.
  112. Lattanzi F., Compétence de la Cour pénale internationale et consentement des Etats, “Revue Générale de Droit International Public” 1999, vol. 103, no. 2, pp. 425–444.
  113. Longobardo M., Everything Is relative, even gravity: Remarks on the assessment of gravity in ICC preliminary examinations, and the Mavi Marmara affair, “Journal of International Criminal Justice” 2016, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1011–1030.
  114. Longobardo M., La recente adesione palestinese alle convenzioni di diritto umanitario e ai principali trattati a tutela dei diritti dell’uomo [The recent Palestinian accession to some international humanitarian law and international human rights law conventions], “Ordine internazionale e diritti umani” 2014, vol. 1.
  115. Longobardo M., Lo Stato di Palestina: emersione fattuale e autodeterminazione dei popoli prima e dopo il riconoscimento dello status di Stato non membro delle Nazioni Unite [The State of Palestine as a matter of fact and self-determination of peoples, before and after the recognition of the status of UN non-member state] [in:] M. Distefano (ed.), Il principio di autodeterminazione dei popoli alla prova del nuovo millennio, CEDAM, Padova 2014, pp. 9–35.
  116. Longobardo M., Sull’imparzialità dei membri delle Commissioni d’inchiesta istituite dal Consiglio dei diritti umani [Remarks on the impartiality of the members of the Human Rights Council’s fact-finding missions], Diritti umani e diritto internazionale 2015, vol. 9.
  117. Malanczuk P., Israel: Status, territory and occupied territories [in:] R. Bernhardt (ed.), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, North Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam-New York-Oxford 1990.
  118. Mancini M., Conseguenze giuridiche dell’attribuzione alla Palestina dello status di Stato osservatore presso le Nazioni Unite’ [Legal consequences of the grant of non-member observer state status in the United Nations to Palestine], “Rivista di Diritto Internazionale” 2013, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 100–118.
  119. Manna M. La, La decisione del Procuratore della Corte penale internazionale di non aprire un’indagine sul caso della Gaza Freedom Flotilla [The ICC Prosecutor’s decision not to open an investigation regarding the Gaza Freedom Flotilla affaire], “Ordine Internazionale e Diritti Umani” 2014, vol. 1.
  120. Mastorodimos K., The character of the conflict in Gaza: Another argument towards abolishing the distinction between international and non-international armed conflict, “International Community Law Review” 2010, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 437–477.
  121. Mazzeschi R.P., “Due Diligence” e responsabilità internazionale degli Stati [“Due diligence” and the international responsibility of states], Giuffrè, Milano 1989.
  122. Melhem A., Palestinian Elections on Hold until Further Notice, Al Monitor, www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/10/palestine-presidential-parliamentary-electionson-hold.html [access: 20.04.2016].
  123. Meloni C., Tognoni G. (eds.), Is There A Court For Gaza? A Test Bench for International Justice, TMC Asser Press, The Hague 2012.
  124. Milanovic M., Extraterritorial Application of Human Rights Treaties: Law, Principles, and Policy, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2011.
  125. Milanovic M., Lessons for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law in the war on terror: Comparing Hamdam and the Israeli Targeted Killings Case, “International Review of the Red Cross” 2007, vol. 89, pp. 373–393.
  126. Morris B., Righteous victims: A history of the Zionist-Arab conflict, 1881–1998, Vintage, New York 2001.
  127. Murphy R., Gravity issues and the International Criminal Court, “Criminal Law Forum” 2006, vol. 17, no. 3–4, pp. 281–315.
  128. Nesi G., La repressione dei crimini internazionali tra diritto di autodeterminazione dei popoli e affermazione della statualità [The punishment of international crimes between self-determination of peoples and claims to statehood] [in:] R. Wenin, G. Fornasari, E. Fronza (eds.), La persecuzione dei crimini internazionali. Una riflessione sui diversi meccanismi di risposta / Die Verfolgung der Internationalen Verbrechen. Eine Überlegung zu den Verschiedenen Reaktionsmechanismen, Editoriale Scientifica, Napoli 2015, pp. 23–46.
  129. O’Brien M., The Impact of the Iraq Communication of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court on War Crimes Admissibility and the interests of victims, “University College of Dublin Law Review” 2007, vol. 109.
  130. OCHA, Gaza: Initial Rapid Assessment, 27 August 2014, p. 8, www.ochaopt.org/documents/gaza_mira_report_9september.pdf [access: 20.04.2016].
  131. Olàsolo H., The Procurator of the ICC before the initiation of investigations: A quasi-judicial or a political body?, “International Criminal Law Review” 2003, vol. 3.
  132. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict, 25 May 2000.
  133. Palestine acceded to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 21 December 1965.
  134. Pellet A., Le droit international à l’aube du XXIème siècle, “Cours Euro-méditerranéens Bancaja de Droit International” 1997, vol. 1.
  135. Pellet A., The Palestinian declaration and the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, “Journal of International Criminal Justice” 2010, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 981–999.
  136. Pertile M., A proposito di un appello di Gaza – Una risposta a Lorenzo Gradoni [Remarks about a joint declaration regarding Gaza – A reply to Lorenzo Gradoni], “Quaderni di SIDIBlog” 2014, vol. 1.
  137. Pertile M., Le violazioni del diritto umanitario commesse da Hamas durante l’operazione Piombo fuso [Violation of international humanitarian law committed by Hamas during the Cast Lead operation], “Diritti Umani e Diritto Internazionale” 2009, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 333–344.
  138. Picone P., Comunità internazionale e obblighi erga omnes [International community and erga omnes obligations], Jovene, Napoli 2013.
  139. Playfair E. (ed.), International Law and the Administration of Occupied Territories: Two Decades of Israeli Occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1992.
  140. Plessis M. du, The International Criminal Court that Africa Wants, Institute for Security Studies, Pretoria 2010.
  141. Poissonnier G., La Palestine, État non-membre observateur de l’Organisation des Nations Unies, “Journal du Droit International” 2013, vol. 140, no. 2, pp. 427–454.
  142. Power S., On Palestinian Accession to International Treaties, Human Rights in Ireland, 9 April 2014, http://tinyurl.com/hpltlcx [access: 20.04.2016].
  143. Prosperi L., Ricevibilità ed efficacia giuridica della dichiarazione di accettazione della giurisdizione della Corte penale internazionale da parte della Palestina [Legal admissibility and effectiveness of the Palestinian Declaration of acceptance of the jurisdiction of the ICC], “Ordine Internazionale e Diritti Umani” 2015, vol. 2.
  144. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, 8 June 1977 (Additional Protocol I).
  145. Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron, 17 January 1997.
  146. Quigley J., The Palestine Declaration to the International Criminal Court: The statehood issue, “Rutgers Law Record” 2009, vol. 35.
  147. Quigley J., The Statehood of Palestine: International Law in the Middle East Conflict, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2010.
  148. Ragazzi M., The Concept of International Obligations Erga Omnes, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1997.
  149. Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (the Hague Regulations).
  150. Report of the Secretary-General’s Panel of Inquiry on the 31 May 2010 Flotilla Incident, July 2011, www.un.org/News/dh/infocus/middle_east/Gaza_Flotilla_Panel_Report.pdf [access: 20.04.2016].
  151. République de Côte d’Ivoire, Déclaration de reconnaissance de la Compétence de la Cour Pénal Internationale, 18 Avril 2013, http://tinyurl.com/o9s59yg [access: 20.04.2016].
  152. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (adopted 17 July 1998, entered into force 1 July 2002), 2187 UNTS 90 (ICC Statute).
  153. Ronen Y., ICC Jurisdiction over Acts Committed in the Gaza Strip: Article 12(3) of the ICC Statute and non-state entities, “Journal of International Criminal Justice” 2010, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 3–27.
  154. Ronen Y., Israel, Palestine and the ICC – Territory uncharted but not unknown, “Journal of International Criminal Justice” 2014, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 7–25.
  155. Ronen Y., Recognition of the State of Palestine: Still too much too soon? [in:] C. Chinkin, F. Baetens (eds.), Sovereignty, Statehood and State Responsibility: Essays in Honour of James Crawford, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2015, pp. 229–247.
  156. Ronzitti N., È legittimo il blocco di Gaza? [Is the blockade of Gaza lawful?], AffarInternazionali, 14 June 2010, www.affarinternazionali.it/articolo.asp?ID=1476 [access: 20.04.2016].
  157. Rosenne S., The depositary of international treaties, “American Journal of International Law” 1967, vol. 61, pp. 923–945.
  158. Rudoren J., Kershner I., Israel’s Search for 3 Teenagers Ends in Grief, The New York Times, 30 June 2014, www.nytimes.com/2014/07/01/world/middleeast/Israel-missing-teenagers.html?_r=0 [access: 20.04.2016].
  159. Salmon J., La qualité d’Etat de la Palestine, "Revue belge de droit international" 2012, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 13–40.
  160. Sanger A., The contemporary law of blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla, “Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law” 2010, vol. 13, pp. 397–446.
  161. Schabas W.A., Prosecutorial discretion v. judicial activism at the International Criminal Court, “Journal of International Criminal Justice” 2008, vol. 6.
  162. Schabas W.A., Relevant Depositary Practice of the Secretary-General and its Bearing on Palestinian Accession to the Rome Statute, PhD Studies in Human Rights, 3 November 2011, http://tinyurl.com/gvlyto3 [access: 20.04.2016].
  163. Schabas W.A., The International Criminal Court: Struggling to find its way [in:] A. Cassese (ed.), Realizing Utopia: The Future of International Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012.
  164. Schabas W.A., The Prosecutor and Palestine: Deference to the Security Council, PhD Studies in Human Rights, 8 April 2012, www.humanrightsdoctorate.blogspot.it/2012/04/prosecutor-and-palestinedeference-to.html [access: 20.04.2016].
  165. Schabas, W.A. The International Criminal Court: A Commentary on the Rome Statute, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2010.
  166. Schaefer B.D., What Palestinian Membership Means for UNESCO and the Rest of the United Nations, Backgrounder, 12 December 2011, www.amazonaws.com/2011/pdf/bg2633.pdf [access: 20.04.2016].
  167. Security Council, UN Doc S/PV.6325, 6325th meeting (31 May 2010).
  168. See S/PRST/2014/13 (28 July 2014).
  169. See UNESCO, Press Release: General Conference Admits Palestine as UNESCO Member State, 31 October 2011, http://tinyurl.com/gn2ljsw [access: 20.04.2016].
  170. Sena P. De, Ancora a proposito di Gaza [Some more remarks about Gaza], “Quaderni di SIDIBlog” 2014, vol. 1.
  171. Sena P. De, La nozione di giurisdizione statale nei trattati sui diritti dell’uomo [The concept of state jurisdiction in human rights law conventions], Giappichelli, Torino 2002.
  172. Shamgar M., The observance of international law in the administered territories, "Israel Yearbook of Human Rights" 1971, vol. 1.
  173. Shaw M.N., The Article 12(3) Declaration of the Palestinian Authority, the International Criminal Court and International Law, 10 March 2011, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1782668 [access: 20.04.2016].
  174. Spagnolo A., La posizione del Procuratore della Corte Penale Internazionale nei confronti della dichiarazione dell’Autorità nazionale palestinese di voler accettare la giurisdizione della Corte [The ICC Prosecutor and the Palestinian Declaration of acceptance of the ICC jurisdiction], “La Comunità Internazionale” 2012, vol. 67, no. 3–4, pp. 613–621.
  175. Stegmiller I., Palästinas Aufnahme als “Mitgliedstaat” des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofs, “Zeitschrift für ausländisches öfentliches Recht und Völkerrecht” 2015, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 435–443.
  176. Talmon S., The statements of the President of the Security Council, “Chinese Journal of International Law” 2003, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 419–465.
  177. Tams C.J., Enforcing Obligations Erga Omnes in International Law, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2005.
  178. The Public Commission to Examine the Maritime Incident of 31 May 2010, The Turkel Commission Report, 23 January 2011, http://tinyurl.com/jgfu77f [access: 20.04.2016].
  179. The Swiss statement, “International Review of the Red Cross” 1990, vol. 30.
  180. Tichy H., Bittner P., Article 77 [in:] O. Dörr, K. Schmalenbach (eds.), Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. A Commentary, Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg 2012.
  181. Tomuschat C., Human Rights – Between Idealism and Realism, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2014.
  182. Treves T., Diritto internazionale: Problemi fondamentali [International law: Fundamental issues], Giuffrè, Milano 2005.
  183. Trigeaud L., L’influence des reconnaissances d’Etat sur la formation des engagements conventionnels, “Revue Générale de Droit International Public” 2015, vol. 119, no. 3, pp. 571–604.
  184. Trigeaud L., L’opération Bordure protectrice menée par Israël dans la Bande de Gaza (8 juillet – 26 août 2014), “Annuaire français de droit international” 2014, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 171–194.
  185. Turkish National Commission of Inquiry, Report on the Israeli Attack on the Humanitarian Aid Convoy to Gaza on 31 May 2010, 11 February 2011, http://tinyurl.com/z2dvdck [access: 20.04.2016].
  186. Turone G., Powers and Duties of the Prosecutor [in:] A. Cassese, P. Gaeta, J.R.W.D. Jones (eds.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2002.
  187. UN Doc S/PRST/2010/9 (1 June 2010).
  188. UN Human Rights Council, Report of the International Fact-Finding Mission to Investigate Violations of International Law, Including International Humanitarian and Human Rights Law, Resulting from the Attacks on the Flotilla of Ships Carrying Humanitarian Assistance, 27 September 2014.
  189. UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, 13 January 2014.
  190. UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, 22 January 2015, pp. 12–40.
  191. UN Secretary-General, Depositary Notification: Rome Statute of the ICC, Palestine Accession, 6 January 2015, treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2015/CN.13.2015-Eng.pdf [access: 20.04.2016].
  192. UNGA Res 181 (II) (29 November 1947), UN Doc A/RES/181 (II).
  193. UNGA Res 64/92 (10 December 2009), UN Doc A/RES/64/92.
  194. UNGA Res 67/19 (4 December 2012), A/RES/67/19.
  195. UNHRC Res S-21/1 (21 July 2014).
  196. Union of the Comoros, Referral of the Union of Comoros with Respect to the 31 May 2010 Israeli Raid on the Humanitarian Aid Flotilla Bound for Gaza, The Hague: 14 May 2013 (Letter of Referral), www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/otp/Referral-from-Comoros.pdf [access: 20.04.2016].
  197. UNSC Res 242, (22 November 1967), UN Doc S/RES/242.
  198. UNSC Res 338 (22 October 1973), UN Doc S/RES/338.
  199. Vidmar J., Palestine and the conceptual problem of implicit statehood, “Chinese Journal of International Law” 2013, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 19–41.
  200. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (adopted 23 May 1969, entered into force 27 January 1980), 1155 UNTS 331.
  201. Vierucci L., Sul principio di proporzionalità a Gaza, ovvero quando il fine non giustifica i mezzi [On the principle of proportionality during the Gaza war, or when the ends do not justify the means], “Diritti umani e diritto internazionale” 2009, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 319–332.
  202. Weckel P., Israël/Palestine: La “Guerre du Droit” n’aura pas lieu, Sentinelle, la page hebdomadaire d’informations internationales, 6 April 2014, http://tinyurl.com/hvkmbsc [access: 20.04.2016].
  203. Weckel P., La Palestine et la CPI: place au droit, la place du droit, Sentinelle, la page hebdomadaire d’informations internationales, 18 January 2015, www.sentinelle-droitinternational.fr/?q=node/89 [access: 20.04.2016].
  204. Weill S., Azarova V., The 2014 Gaza war: Reflections on jus ad bellum, jus in bello, and accountability [in:] A. Bellal (ed.), The War Report: Armed Conflict in 2014, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2015, pp. 360–387.
  205. Wuerzner C., Mission impossible? Bringing charges for the crime of attacking civilians or civilian objects before International Criminal Tribunals, “International Review of the Red Cross” 2008, vol. 90, pp. 907–930.
  206. Wye River Memorandum, 23 October 1998.
  207. Yaari E., N. Zilber, Back to the Future: The Latest Hamas-Fatah Reconciliation Deal, Policy Watch, 1 October 2014, www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/back-to-the-future-thelatest-hamas-fatah-reconciliation-deal [access: 20.04.2016].
  208. Zimmermann A., Abiding by and enforcing International Humanitarian Law in asymmetric warfare: The case of “Operation Cast Lead”, “Polish Yearbook of International Law” 2011, vol. 31, pp. 47–78.
  209. Zimmermann A., Palestine and the International Criminal Court: Quo vadis? Reach and limits of declarations under Article 12(3), “Journal of International Criminal Justice” 2013, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 303–329.
  210. Zimmermann A., Responsibility for violations of International Humanitarian Law, International Criminal Law and Human Rights Law – synergy and conflict? [in:] V. Epping, W. Heintschel von Heinegg (eds.), International Humanitarian Law – Facing New Challenges, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg 2006.

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.